Modbus polling and timeout budget: calculate the slow path
Estimate serial transaction time, include silent intervals and device response, and prevent offline devices from consuming the entire polling cycle.
Industrial wireless
Wireless networking designed for plant devices and operations.
Wireless connectivity used for industrial sensing, mobility, maintenance, and control-adjacent applications, including Wi-Fi, private LTE/5G, WirelessHART, and ISA100.11a. Performance, roaming, interference, and safety requirements determine the fit.
See also: IIoT · Edge gateway · Determinism
Use the concept: Subnet calculator · Modbus RTU CRC & frame helper · Modbus register decoder & byte-order check
In depth
Single-pair Ethernet and APL: two wires to the field instrument
How Single-Pair Ethernet and Ethernet-APL bring power and 10 Mbit/s Ethernet to hazardous-area field devices — and what changes in process design.
SCADA architecture: a design guide from field to control room
Design SCADA systems that scale — field layer, communications, servers, redundancy, and alarming — without painting the project into a corner.