PLC FAT and SAT checklist: test behavior and handover evidence
Plan factory and site acceptance around requirements, observable results, failure states, approved changes and recoverable project files.
HMI
Operator interface for monitoring and controlling equipment.
Human-machine interface: the operator's window into the process — panels, SCADA graphics, alarming, and controls. Good HMI follows high-performance graphics principles: abnormal situations must be obvious at a glance.
Use the concept: Industrial automation fundamentals · PLC FAT & SAT checklist template · OT backup & restore test template
In depth
OT backup and restore testing: prove the recovery path
Inventory the files and dependencies needed to recover a control system, set recovery objectives, and test restoration on an isolated target.
PLC vs PAC vs soft PLC: which controller fits the job
Compare PLCs, PACs, and software PLCs on determinism, I/O, tooling, and cost — plus when an IPC or edge controller is the better answer.