Single-pair Ethernet and APL: two wires to the field instrument
How Single-Pair Ethernet and Ethernet-APL bring power and 10 Mbit/s Ethernet to hazardous-area field devices — and what changes in process design.
Brownfield
Existing plant or system that new tech must integrate with.
An existing facility or system that new technology must integrate with — legacy controllers, undocumented networks, running production. The opposite of greenfield (new build). Most industrial digitalization is brownfield work.
See also: Edge gateway · Modbus
Use the concept: Cp, Cpk, Pp & Ppk calculator · Downtime log template · MTBF, MTTR & availability calculator
In depth
PLC vs PAC vs soft PLC: which controller fits the job
Compare PLCs, PACs, and software PLCs on determinism, I/O, tooling, and cost — plus when an IPC or edge controller is the better answer.
IEC 61850: substation automation beyond hardwired interlocks
GOOSE messaging, sampled values, and SCL engineering — what IEC 61850 changes in substations and how to plan a migration from legacy RTUs.