Motor kW, current, efficiency and power factor: keep the quantities straight
A three-phase example distinguishes shaft output, real input power, apparent power and running current, with the limits of a simple estimate.
VFD
Drive controlling AC motor speed via output frequency.
Variable-frequency drive (variable-speed drive, inverter): controls AC motor speed and torque by varying output frequency. A major energy-efficiency lever and a common Modbus/EtherNet/IP node.
See also: Motion control · Modbus
Use the concept: Motor running current calculator
In depth
RTD vs thermocouple: choosing industrial temperature sensing
Compare RTDs and thermocouples on accuracy, range, speed, and wiring — plus when to use thermistors, IR, or fiber-optic sensing instead.
IO-Link explained: smart sensors without the fieldbus price
What IO-Link adds to ordinary discrete sensors — remote configuration, diagnostics, and identification over standard 3-wire cable — and how to plan a rollout.