Industrial wireless: Wi-Fi 6, private 5G, and LoRa compared
Choose industrial wireless by requirements — Wi-Fi 6 for bandwidth, private 5G for mobility and determinism, LoRa and WirelessHART for sensors.
Jitter
Cycle-to-cycle latency variation; the enemy of control loops.
Variation in latency from cycle to cycle. Control loops tolerate constant delay far better than jitter; real-time networks are engineered to bound it, often to microseconds.
See also: Determinism · TSN
Use the concept: Subnet calculator · Modbus RTU CRC & frame helper · Modbus register decoder & byte-order check
In depth
EtherCAT explained: on-the-fly frames and sub-microsecond synchronization
How EtherCAT processes Ethernet frames on the fly, why distributed clocks matter for motion control, and when to choose it over PROFINET or EtherNet/IP.
EtherNet/IP and CIP messaging: explicit vs implicit, RPI, and assemblies
How the Common Industrial Protocol really moves data — connected and unconnected messaging, produced/consumed tags, and sizing connection loads.