Takt time vs cycle time vs lead time: calculate the right clock
A worked shift example separates customer pace, observed process speed and end-to-end delivery time, with practical checks before changing the line.
Electronic batch record (EBR)
Digital, auditable record of an executed batch.
An electronic batch record (EBR) captures the executed recipe, materials, equipment, operators, process values, checks, exceptions, and approvals needed to prove how a batch was made. It supports review by exception and regulated traceability.
See also: Batch process · Recipe management · MES
Use the concept: Downtime log template · SMED changeover observation template · Takt time calculator
In depth
SMED changeover study: measure last good to first good
Use a time observation sheet to separate internal and external work, preserve safe setup steps, and verify a repeatable changeover improvement.
Line balancing and bottleneck capacity: work from the constraint
Estimate serial-line capacity, distinguish parallel lanes from stations, and use a small observation study before adding automation.