Single-pair Ethernet and APL: two wires to the field instrument
How Single-Pair Ethernet and Ethernet-APL bring power and 10 Mbit/s Ethernet to hazardous-area field devices — and what changes in process design.
DCS
Integrated control platform for process industries.
A distributed control system spreads control across networked controllers while centralizing engineering, operations graphics, alarming, and history in one integrated environment. Dominant in continuous and large-batch process industries. Flagship examples include ABB 800xA, Emerson DeltaV, and Siemens PCS 7.
See also: PLC · SCADA · Freelance (ABB)
In depth
PID loop tuning: a field guide for process engineers
P, I, and D in plain language — manual tuning, Ziegler–Nichols, lambda, and the anti-windup and filtering details that decide whether a loop behaves.
ISA-88 recipe management: keep process intent separate from equipment logic
Procedures, parameters, equipment phases, versions, and approvals explained for batch systems that need repeatability without hard-coding every product into the controller.